Promoting Photography Research Essay Example For Students

Advancing Photography Research Essay Outline1 ROMOTING PHOTOGRAPHY IN GRAPHIC DESIGN FOR KUTPM à -NATURAL LIGHTING TECHNIQUE.2 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT3 1.3 OBJECTIVE4 1.4 SIGNIFICANT OF THE PROJECT5 1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT6 1.6 ASSUMPTION AND LIMITATION7 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW7.1 2.1 Review of Current Situation.7.2 2.2 Review of the Related Literature7.3 2.3 Review of the Related Product8 3.0 METHODOLOGY8.1 3.1 Project Methodology9 MARKETING STRATEGY FOR GRAPHIC DESIGN COUTSE at KUTPM10 4.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ROMOTING PHOTOGRAPHY IN GRAPHIC DESIGN FOR KUTPM à -NATURAL LIGHTING TECHNIQUE. This crusade is to advance lone ranger visual communication course in KUTPM, for schools understudy around Selangor. The contextual analysis for this task is about Natural Lighting Technique as a component in photography. The reason for this venture is to open the procedure to understudies and thus understudies will improve their expertise to create a decent picture. In a similar time understudies will be open to visual depiction profession. Light isnt just a factor that influences photography, light is photography. Photographic artists learn right off the bat that when they snap a photo they are recording light. Notwithstanding, that information doesnt do a lot to clarify the passionate reaction evoked in a straightforward play of light in a picture. It appears that the best picture takers have an interesting relationship with light, and figure out how to hit the dance floor with that light to create amazing pictures. (Moose Peterson, Steve McCurry, Joe McNally and Tim Gray à -Nikon) 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND The field of the venture is instructive crusade for the photography by utilizing regular lighting method. The gathering will speak to the KUTPM to advance Graphic Design course. One of the key components in designs world is photography. The type of photography would come from various perspectives, for example, Out entryway lighting I. Front lighting II. Slide lighting III. Backdrop illumination IV. Existing lighting (Photoinfo .com 2003-2005) The PC innovation gives a great deal of elective path in introducing the visual communication. There is a ton of graphical arranged programming in the market, beginning from the picture altering to representation, for example, heap of Adobe programming, Corel Paint star, uLead Photo Paint, etc. Contrast with the conventional way, the new innovation can assist with upgrading the procedure and the nature of the plan. 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT I) Budget/support it elusive a support to held a little occasion. The expense to set up the occasion is over the top expensive. ii) Time/date-time of the occasion will be hung on 25 October 2007. Which are barely any prior weeks SPM assessment. iii) Venue à -the crusade will be held in a little corridor. Limit of the corridor just restricted for 150 crowds. This is exclude for the presentation stall space. 1.3 OBJECTIVE Examination Objective: I) To advance Bachelor Graphic Design course in KUTPM. ii) To present Natural lighting Technique in photography. iii) To uncover Photography as a component in visual communication. 1.0 Bar Chart : Graphic plan examination 1.1 Bar Chart : Photography Analysis 1.2 Bar Chart : Photography information Speculation: The exploration will be done to 100 understudies that pick haphazardly in Shah Alam. The objective gathering essential understudy in structure 4 and 5. From the exploration target and examination question, this will give the rate and the open level information toward the photography and visual communication. The examination likewise uncovers the gathering open about the crusade. In the other manner, individuals discernment towards Bachelor Graphic Design additionally will be known. 1.4 SIGNIFICANT OF THE PROJECT I) Increase the quantity of KUTPM understudy in Bachelor Graphic Design. ii) Widen their insight about photography strategy in other visual computerization component. 1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT Target Candidate: I) SPM understudies Task Type: I) Campaign 1.6 ASSUMPTION AND LIMITATION Presumption: I) Student will get more information about photography in visual computerization. ii) Attract more understudies taking Bachelor Graphic Design in KUTPM. iii) Create a decent connection among KUTPM and Schools Confinement I) Target crowd Form 4 and 5 understudies. ii) Venue School around Selangor. iii) Venue à -Small corridor iv) Case study à -Natural Lighting Technique. Part II 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Review of Current Situation. I) People will find out about the significant of legitimate presentation in both advanced and film camera. Alongside the arrangement, a definitive significant thing to guarantee the best caught is comprehend the presentation which is get familiar with the essential light introduction. The nature of daylight relies upon its quality and heading. Solid, direct daylight is hard on the grounds that it produces dim, all around characterized shadows and splendid features, with solid demonstrating of structure. Daylight is hardest on clear summer days around early afternoon. Solid daylight makes solid hues progressively splendid, yet frail hues pale. Daylight is diffused by murkiness, fog, and contamination noticeable all around. This diffused or reflected light is milder; it produces feeble, delicate shadows and dull features. Aimless, diffused daylight is frequently called level lighting since it delivers fine detail however curbs or smoothes structure. Powerless, aimless daylight gives energetic, all around soaked hues. The shading, bearing, amount, and nature of the light decide how the subjects show up. Sunshine and daylight are not a steady source, since they change hourly and with the climate, season, area, and scope. This changing light can modify the clear shapes, hues, tones, and types of a scene. The shade of daylight changes most quickly at the extraordinary closures of the day. Solid shading changes additionally happen during tempests, dimness, or fog and on blue early morning days. The heading of light changes as the sun moves over the sky. The shape and heading of shadows are modified, and the various bearings of daylight extraordinarily influence the presence of a scene. à -Alex Moh (picture taker, instructor, and venture organizer for various photography ventures at national and universal field). He is selected as Nikon Stylus Pro. 2.2 Review of the Related Literature Sort of source: Magazines Petersons Photography, September 2004, Tips for precarious introduction circumstance Proper presentation is significant. Shading print film has a great deal of scope, and advanced pictures can be controlled widely, yet appropriately uncovered picture will consistently look better then a revised ineffectively uncovered one à -Mike Stensvold. Petersons Photography, September 2004, Travel Light Low-calculated daylight is more than brilliant hues, long shadows, and rich surfaces. The bearing from which a subject is lit up drastically impacts how that subject is seen, and at dawn or dusk we can regularly pick how to utilize the light course, for example, frontal lighting, backdrop illumination or sidelighting à -Jim Zuckerman. Computerized Camera, issue 11, November 2006, Captured harvest time scenes Delightful backdrop illumination will show up when the suns low in the skies that offer the chance to individuals to take shocking illuminated pictures of forest or fog. For best outcome, make a progression of efforts beginning at the metered uncovered and expanding each casing considerably a stop until you arrived at +2 stops. This will give you a scope of impacts from close outline to barometrical high key. Advanced Camera, issue 17, May 2007,Shoot and alter astonishing representations Shooting with a reflector will give your pictures a real look that blaze cannot imitate. It fills the shadow with common light and the incredible advantage is that you can see it in real life while altering for the best outcome. During the representations photography, the reflector holding was hanging on the contrary side of models face from where the light was falling. This skiped the light back towards the shadows and lifted the picture. Power is constrained by the distance away you place the reflector. Trial and change before each shot so as to ensure the light hitting the shadows à -Ben Birchall Book Computerized Photography (McGraw Hill) Natural Light à -McCurry For some picture takers, characteristic lighting is the most well-known wellspring of brightening. Indeed, even studio picture takers regularly make it a point to use normal light at whatever point workable for the glow and profundity it gives to the subject. Much of the time the outcomes accomplished with fake lighting dont very have the enchantment of encompassing lighting. When inquired as to why he tends not to utilize streak, depending rather on encompassing lighting, McCurry says it isnt a cognizant choice not to utilize streak. I simply like the vibe of regular light, and I dont like the vibe of a glimmer picture except if its done so you cannot tell streak was utilized. Obviously, in light of the fact that utilizing regular light doesnt mean you have to consistently be searching for the most sensational lighting or just photo during early morning or late evening light. As McCurry calls attention to, Often theres a story or some enthusiastic circumstance Im attempting to pass on, a story Im attempting to tell, and I dont need the light to meddle with that. Im searching for a lighting which isnt diverting. I regularly like level lighting that is even, for example, under a cloudy sky. I dont generally shoot in a ton of sun, yet rather search for increasingly quieted circumstances. Truth be told, McCurry isn't continually searching for the correct light to such an extent as keeping away from light that causes to notice itself for being not in congruity with what Im attempting to do. At the end of the day, his emphasis is frequently regarding the matter as opposed to the light, and anything that distracts from the subject might be an awful thing. While this may seem like a suggestion to abstain from searching for the correct light, looking further youll find this is progressively about ensuring the light works with the subject, and creates a superior by and large picture. Your picture shouldnt rely solely upon emotional lighting, yet rather you ought to create a picture that joins lighting as one of the key components cooperating t

Refining the Hr Policy Framework to Support the Vision Free Essays

string(76) hold great staff to supplant staff lost through normal attrition. [pic] Growing Esteem: Refining the HR Policy Framework to Support the Vision December 2010 Table of Contents 1Introduction3 2Background3 2. 1The condition we will be working in3 2. 1. We will compose a custom paper test on Refining the Hr Policy Framework to Support the Vision or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now 1External factors3 2. 1. 2Internal choices and factors4 2. 1. 3The HR arrangement imperatives5 2. 2Where we are now5 2. 2. 1Our current staffing profile5 2. 2. 2Current performance7 2. 3The future8 2. 3. 1The objectives of Growing Esteem 20108 2. 3. 2Supporting this vision through a refined HR Strategy9 3The refined HR approach framework9 3. 1Consultation and Feedback10 Priority zones for reform10 4. 1Improvement of the exhibition improvement framework11 4. 2Clarifying execution expectations12 4. 3Align work action to ‘work center categories’ and connection these to execution expectations13 4. 4Supporting early profession staff15 4. 5Classification issues †expansive banding of expert staff classifications16 5Other arrangement issues17 5. 1Building adaptability †Classification issues17 5. 2Attracting and holding highest caliber staff17 5. 3Aligning execution †Probation and confirmation17 5. Putting resources into staff †Leadership and the executives de velopment18 6Next Steps18 6. 1Governance of the usage project18 6. 2Plan for zones of further work19 Appendix 1: Schematic chart of the refined key HR Policy Framework20 Introduction We are all piece of an organization with a pleased record of grant and accomplishment. The University of Melbourne has a merited worldwide notoriety for examine greatness and nature of understudy results and we have shown our ability to enhance and lead advanced education broadly. Melbourne’s worldwide standing and research noticeable quality has empowered us to pull in fine understudies and staff. We try to lead through research, to instruct for greatness and to interface and contribute through commitment. Significant advancement has been made towards accomplishment of our vision to be one of the world’s best colleges and we should proceed to adjust and improve in quest for this vision. The University’s methodology report Growing Esteem 2010, states: â€Å"For the University to understand the aspirations of a refined Growing Esteem technique it needs individuals who share the vision and can accomplish the activities required. â€Å" Over the coming years we have to guarantee that our examination and training notoriety stay among the best on the planet notwithstanding expanding rivalry; to adjust our methodology, to both educating and our general communications with understudies to help a more noteworthy extent of graduate understudies; and to differentiate our wellsprings of income to help our undertaking. It is in this setting we look to express our HR methodologies and refine our HR Policy Framework with the goal that we can bolster and build up our staff to accomplish the greatness in execution that gives singular fulfillment and altogether will keep up and develop Melbourne’s standing. This paper recognizes the major key and approach issues which should be routed to situate us for the future through a refinement of the present HR the board system throughout the following three years. This paper gives a plan to activity to manage HR strategy improvement throughout the following three years. From this system, point by point arrangements and methodology will be indicated, and there will be open door for staff and different partners to give additionally contribution to these as they are logically evolved. These approaches will be actualized at the nearby level inside the University and along these lines the help that will be given to our bosses and chiefs who are liable for the everyday cooperations with our staff will be fundamental to their accomplishment in realizing the necessary changes. Foundation 1 the earth we will be working in The earth we will work in throughout the following 5-10 years will change fundamentally and both outer components and the interior choices made in our arrangements will affect on the staff profile we should flourish in the new condition and the HR approaches and strategies that we have to help our staff. 1 External components Changes in the outer condition give us difficulties and openings. Expanded globalization of the advanced education area will prompt more grounded rivalry for the best understudies and staff. This opposition for staff will incorporate proficient staff, especially masters, who will likewise be looked for after in the more extensive economy. Methodologies should be actualized to draw in, create and hold the best scholastic and expert staff who can design, convey and bolster a magnificent learning experience for understudies, and furthermore show advancement and an ability to flourish in an evolving situation. Mechanical change will likewise open new roads for both instruction and look into and the manner by which work is acted when all is said in done and helps organizing. The expanding pace of information procurement will require audit of the scope of data educated in courses and in the manner in which it is conveyed. On the examination side, subsidizing models and the enthusiasm of governments in discovering answers for major cultural issues drives more prominent cooperation †both in the improvement of cross practical groups inside the University and furthermore in expanded commitment with different colleges, other research bodies and industry. The national advanced education approach condition is putting more accentuation on country working through development in graduate yields, work availability of graduates, social consideration, financing for execution, and global normalization of grant terminology and substance. There is likewise more prominent accentuation on commitment of colleges with their more extensive networks. These elements and the subsidizing systems which bolster the national arrangement choices are focussed on development, which is at chances with our picked heading to constrain development in understudy numbers. The neighborhood arrangement structure is likewise impacted by proceeding with change in the worldwide money related condition. The global training organization IDP Education is presently foreseeing an impressive decrease in worldwide understudy numbers coming to Australia in the medium term which will affect on the University’s ability to supplant lost neighborhood income from this source. The maturing scholarly and proficient staff profile over the part and inside the University all the more explicitly implies that we should draw in, create and hold top notch staff to supplant staff lost through normal weakening. You read Refining the Hr Policy Framework to Support the Vision in class Exposition models Internal choices and components Melbourne has taken the choice to restrict development and to in the end decrease understudy numbers to an increasingly steady and reasonable size so as to give the most excellent training to our understudies. Subsequently we should construct ot her income streams and to discover methods of doing things all the more productively. We should be both adaptable and pioneering and have the option to connect well with the outside network. Over this time we will likewise essentially change our understudy profile, from the present proportion of 70:30 undergrad to postgraduate understudies to accomplish a 50:50 parity. It will be trying to pull in excellent postgraduate understudies in these numbers. This progressively experienced understudy populace will be all the more requesting and will have elevated standards of educating and support and of their communications with our regulatory staff. Their appraisal of the nature of the training they get, their general fulfillment with their experience and their ability to land great positions will affect on our rankings both broadly and universally against our rivals. The HR strategy objectives This feasible future condition features the need to consider how together we can build the emphasis on execution and profitability and guarantee that each staff part accomplishes their objectives and adds to the University in the manner most appropriate to their qualities and ability. This will require a solid arrangement between singular objectives and execution and the University’s goals and an alternate way to deal with creating and overseeing execution. These progressions must be presented in manners which secure and safeguard the basic estimations of the foundation, for example, meritocracy, collegiality and scholarly opportunity. 2 Where we are presently 1 Our current staffing profile Melbourne’s changeless staff number more than 7,000, isolated equally among scholastic and expert staff and is upheld by more than more than two thousand extra easygoing staff. Our scholastic and expert staff incorporate numerous gifted, submitted and long-serving individuals. It is our staff, their associations with one another, with understudies and with neighborhood, national and universal networks that set up and characterize our notoriety and position in the worldwide advanced education division. Staff are utilized in positions ordered by the present scholastic and expert staff arrangement structures, indicated in the University’s Collective Agreement. Notwithstanding our paid staff, countless privileged and visiting scholastic staff add to the life and grant of the University. Our current staffing profile has the accompanying attributes: †¢ We have an enormous number of early vocation scholastics, with roughly 60% of the University’s scholarly staff utilized at Levels An and B; †¢ These early profession scholastics are overwhelmingly utilized on fixed term contracts. This position changes with rank, with most of scholastic staff at Level C or more utilized on a continu

Describe Romeo and Juliet’s love Essay

Portray Romeo and Juliet’s love and the manner in which it creates over the span of the play. (Take a gander at the language utilized and utilize short citations to outline your answer. ) Shakespeare implied for his plays to be performed on a phase and not to be perused, he was an exceptionally talented play compose and he caused his crowds to accept things that truly couldn't occur in such a short space of time. Romeo and Juliet’s love for each other shows their defiance towards their folks. The houses that the pair of ‘star cross’d lovers’ have a place with are associated with a ‘ancient’ quarrel. We are made mindful of the quarrel before we even meet the sweethearts; it is the absolute first thing that the Chorus, who is a solitary individual on the phase which Shakespeare and numerous other play records used to quiet a dislocated crowd and give foundation data on the play, says: ‘Two family units both the same in pride In reasonable Verona, where we lay our scene, From old resentment break to new uprising, Where common blood makes common hands unclean. ‘ Their adoration is disastrous from the second they initially meet, at Capulet’s party, in light of the debate that has been continuing for ages. At the point when we initially meet Romeo, his dad Lord Montague depicts Romeo’s melancholic state of mind, this fits precisely the contemporary thoughts of lovesickness in Shakespeare’s time. Ruler Montague and Benvolio differentiate Romeo’s affections for Rosaline and how they have changed his character. We can see that Romeo isn't himself as he says: ‘Tut, I have lost myself; I am not here; This isn't Romeo, he’s some other where. ‘ The numerous interesting expressions, Romeo utilizes in his discourse are intended to propose his confounded perspective: ‘Feather of lead, brilliant smoke, cold fire, wiped out wellbeing, Still-waking sleep,’Romeo sees Rosaline as the most delightful lady on earth he coordinates her excellence to those of holy people: ‘When the dedicated religion of mine eye Maintains such deception, at that point go tears to fire! ‘ It appears that Romeo is just infatuated with being enamored. On our first gathering with Juliet her mom is calling her. She answers to her mom in a conventional manner: ‘Madam, I am here. What is your will? ‘ She is unassuming, peaceful and excellent. Since she is from a ground-breaking Verona family she is sharp looking. At the point when Lady Capulet recommends that the County Paris would make a decent spouse, Juliet responds:’I’ll hope to like, if looking preferring move. Be that as it may, not any more profound will I endart mine eye Than your agree invigorates make it fly. ‘ In the occasions when the play was composed it was typical for guardians to organize who their little girl would wed. At the point when Romeo sees Juliet just because his extreme revelations of adoration for Rosaline disappear in a second. He presently talks with delicacy and conventionality: ‘Beauty to rich for use, for earth to dear! So shows a cold bird trooping with crows, As there woman o’er her colleagues appears. ‘ In the last line of his discourse, ‘Did my heart love till now? Renounce it, sight! For I ne’er saw genuine magnificence till this night. ‘ What Romeo says, is that what he said before in the play was senseless and wrong. Amusingly, when Benvolio was convincing Romeo to go to the gathering he revealed to him he would before long overlook Rosaline and this is exactly what occurred. Romeo envisions the line of approach he will take during the move by saying that her touch will ‘bless’ his hand. It was accepted right now that genuine affection constantly struck from the outset sight; love that became step by step was no adoration by any stretch of the imagination. ‘This sacred place of worship, the delicate sin is this: My lips, two reddening pioneers, prepared stand’. This is an intelligent episode of tease where the two sides are similarly stricken, as is clarified by what follows, however in which Juliet plays the correct youthful girl’s job of cutting up Romeo’s ‘lines’ as quick as he can might suspect them up. ‘Saints don't move, however award for prayers’ purpose. ‘ ‘Then have my lips the wrongdoing that they have took. ‘ and ‘You kiss fair and square. ‘ This demonstrates Juliet to be a lot wittier than a run of the mill multi year old young lady. This coquettish fourteen-line entry is really a piece; it was well known in the sixteenth century and for the most part viewed as the correct methods for affection verse. Juliet figures out how to prod Romeo somewhat in the sincere signal of the commitment that they announce: ‘For holy people have hands that pilgrims’ hands do touch,’ and ‘Ay, traveler, lips that they use in petition. ‘ Juliet is urging Romeo to kiss her in an inconspicuous manner. She takes early charge of the relationship. Romeo’s love for Juliet is undeniably energetic, which an Elizabethan crowd would have adored. He utilizes a ton of compelling symbolism. For instance the picture of the sun: ‘It is the east, and Juliet the sun! Emerge, reasonable sun, and slaughter the desirous moon,’ Romeo is putting Juliet on a higher platform, saying she is a higher being, he is additionally alluding to the splendor of her excellence, and that she brings light into his universe of obscurity. In requiring the triumph of the sun elated, Romeo is trusting she won't stay a virgin any longer. Ladies who delayed their virginity unnecessarily were thought to experience the ill effects of â€Å"green-sickness,† a difficult that must be restored by sound lovemaking. The whole opening discourse to this scene is given to Romeo’s fevered want that Juliet will have intercourse with him. Regardless of his enthusiasm, he is sufficiently modest, and sufficiently gracious, not to just rush in upon her. It is the pressure between his staggering want and his hold that shows the amount he genuinely adores her. The correlation of a woman’s eyes to brilliant stars was a standard thing, yet Romeo explains it in an astonishing arrangement of lines harping on the splendor of Juliet’s excellence: ‘The brilliance of her cheek would disgrace those stars As light doth a light. Her eyes in heaven’ Romeo is careless, indiscreet and has his mind in another place; he utilizes expressions of expound portrayal. While Juliet is rational, commonsense, normal and unconstrained by her discourse we can tell that it is her first experience of adoration and that she is youthful and in light of the language she utilizes that Romeo energizes her. It is Juliet who is thoroughly considering the results of their affection more efficiently and for all intents and purposes than is Romeo. She very quickly discusses the demise that undermines him: ‘And the spot of death, taking into account who thou workmanship, If any of my family find thee here’ Romeo answers that affection can't be held out by ‘stony limits’. Romeo accepts that affection has guided him to Juliet. From the earliest starting point their discourse is filled concerning demise. This is significantly amusing in light of the fact that the melody previously told the crowd that they will bite the dust on account of their adoration. At the point when Romeo says: ‘Alack, there lies more hazard in thine eyes; And thou yet love me, let them discover me here’ He is utilizing traditional and dignified language, which returns hundreds of years. Juliet’s long discourse clarifies that she is as yet a good young lady who wishes her affection had not been so expeditiously uncovered; however since it has been, she doesn't expect to look in reverse. She in a roundabout way alludes that Jove giggles at the promises of darlings. Similarly as Romeo had despised the moon for its virginity, Juliet rejects it as excessively factor: ‘O swear not by the moon, th’ capricious moon, That month to month changes in her surrounded circle, Lest that thy love demonstrate in like manner variable. ‘ Juliet is straightforward. She feels that she has been excessively effectively won by Romeo: ‘Or if thou think’st I am excessively immediately won, I’ll scowl and be unreasonable and state thee nay, So thou wither charm; yet else, not for the world. ‘ Again Juliet permits herself to play with promise in calling Romeo her God. Romeo demands that he will adore Juliet dependably. Having declared her adoration once, the premise of Juliet’s articulation is unstopped, and she turns into the prevailing player in the remainder of the scene. This youthful pair know next to no about one another with the exception of that they are very appealing and clever. Juliet’s has part mind-sets in this scene one is lead by her head and one by her heart. Her head is her commonsense side; her heart is unconstrained and energized. Falconry was a mainstream sport in Elizabethan England. Juliet is contrasting Romeo with a bird of prey, and what she might want is for Romeo to be her hawk, she loves having the option to get back to him to her hand at whatever point she needs him: ‘Hist! Romeo, hist! O for a falconer’s voice, To draw this tuft delicate back once more! ‘ When Romeo requested that the Friar wed Juliet and himself, the Friar concurred simply because he is trusting that the marriage of Romeo and Juliet will stop quarrel between the places of Montague and Capulet. From the content we can tell that Friar Laurence is Romeo’s certain, a dad figure. Kids in the fourteenth/fifteenth Centuries who had significant guardians didn’t have a similar relationship as youngsters today have with their folks. This is the reason Juliet trusts in her medical caretaker and Romeo in Friar Laurence. The last line in Act two Scene one, Friar Laurence is stating to Romeo that he should move slowly in light of the fact that those that go to quick will ‘stumble’ later on: ‘Wisely and moderate: they bumble that run quick. ‘ In the marriage scene it is Friar Laurence who is thinking ahead, he says: ‘So grin the sky upon this sacred demonstration, That twilight with distress scold us not! ‘ Romeo, lives just in the present, and says as much: ‘Amen, so be it! In any case, come what distress can, It can't countervail the trading of euphoria That one brief moment gives me in her sight. ‘ In his view, the delight of a moment with Juliet wi

Violence against Women Essay - 550 Words

Violence against Women (Admission Essay Sample) Content: Studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameInstructorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameClass NameDateViolence against WomenThe term womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s issue is problematic for Jackson Katz. The term makes problems of gender violence, which include domestic violence, sexual violence, sexual harassment, and sexual abuse of children to be viewed as women's issues that good men help to eliminate. The problems are not seen as men's issues. He argues that the gender violence issues are menà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s issues. Men tend not to pay attention to the gender violence issues because they are viewed as women's issues. Many people think the term gender refers to women; hence, the term gender violence is synonymous to women problems. The dominant group gets no attention. Calling gender violence issues women issues are also part of the problem.Katz talks of privileges of dominance. In the discussions involving gender violence issues, men and masculinity are exempted. He says that the large groups "have been rendered invi sible in large measure in the discourseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬" (Katz). As a result, they exclude themself from the problems that are primarily theirs. According to Katz, the principle aspect of privilege and power is the ability to go unexamined. The dominant groups in the society are not challenged and their privileges and power is not examined. This group lacks introspection or self-awareness. The privileges of dominance relate the language.The language used to discuss issues of gender violence excludes men. This relates to the privileges of dominance. Language demonstrates ones thinking. People use passive voice to discuss issues of gender issues. Using passive voice, for instant "Mary was beaten" (Katz) erases the perpetrator leaving Mary who is the victim. The use of passive voice shifts the focus from the perpetrator to the victim.Katz advocate for a shift in ways of thinking about gender violence. Society views issues of gender violence as women's issues while in reality, men are the ke y perpetrators of the violence. The society should change in the type of questions they ask in case of incidents of violence against women. The society needs to ask questions such as why domestic violence is rampant in many parts of the world, and the role of various institutions towards eliminating domestic violence. The answer to this question will help in perverting the violence. The society should change the habit of blaming the victim. Asking questions such as "What was she wearing at that party?" Will only intensify the situation. The society needs to shift from the cognitive structure set up to blame victims. The key focus needs to be shifted to the perpetrators. In addition, the society should change the way they view men who fight against... Violence against Women Essay - 550 Words Violence against Women (Admission Essay Sample) Content: Studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameInstructorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameClass NameDateViolence against WomenThe term womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s issue is problematic for Jackson Katz. The term makes problems of gender violence, which include domestic violence, sexual violence, sexual harassment, and sexual abuse of children to be viewed as women's issues that good men help to eliminate. The problems are not seen as men's issues. He argues that the gender violence issues are menà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s issues. Men tend not to pay attention to the gender violence issues because they are viewed as women's issues. Many people think the term gender refers to women; hence, the term gender violence is synonymous to women problems. The dominant group gets no attention. Calling gender violence issues women issues are also part of the problem.Katz talks of privileges of dominance. In the discussions involving gender violence issues, men and masculinity are exempted. He says that the large groups "have been rendered invi sible in large measure in the discourseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬" (Katz). As a result, they exclude themself from the problems that are primarily theirs. According to Katz, the principle aspect of privilege and power is the ability to go unexamined. The dominant groups in the society are not challenged and their privileges and power is not examined. This group lacks introspection or self-awareness. The privileges of dominance relate the language.The language used to discuss issues of gender violence excludes men. This relates to the privileges of dominance. Language demonstrates ones thinking. People use passive voice to discuss issues of gender issues. Using passive voice, for instant "Mary was beaten" (Katz) erases the perpetrator leaving Mary who is the victim. The use of passive voice shifts the focus from the perpetrator to the victim.Katz advocate for a shift in ways of thinking about gender violence. Society views issues of gender violence as women's issues while in reality, men are the ke y perpetrators of the violence. The society should change in the type of questions they ask in case of incidents of violence against women. The society needs to ask questions such as why domestic violence is rampant in many parts of the world, and the role of various institutions towards eliminating domestic violence. The answer to this question will help in perverting the violence. The society should change the habit of blaming the victim. Asking questions such as "What was she wearing at that party?" Will only intensify the situation. The society needs to shift from the cognitive structure set up to blame victims. The key focus needs to be shifted to the perpetrators. In addition, the society should change the way they view men who fight against...

Cost Accounting Practices - 1869 Words

SOAL LATIHAN CHAPTER 18 ASISTENSI COST ACCOUNTING UNIVERSITAS BAKRIE 1. 18-16 The following data, in physical units, describe a grinding process for January : WIP, beginning 19,000 Started during current period 150,000 To account for 169,000 Spoiled units 12,000 Good units completed and transferred out 132,000 WIP,ending 25,000 Accounted for 169,000 Inspection occurs at the 100% completion stage. Normal spoilage is 5 % of the good units passing inspection. 1. Compute the normal and abnormal spoilage in units. 2. Assume that the equivalent-unit cost of a spoiled unit is $10.Compute the amount of potential savings if all spoilage were eliminated, assuming that all other costs would be†¦show more content†¦Physical Units Work in process, December 31, 2009a 4400 Work in process, September 1, 2010b 5000 Started in September 2010 ? Good units completed amp; transferred out during September 2010 37000 Normal Spoilage 2000 Abnormal Spoilage 500 Work in process, September 30, 2010c 6500 a Degree of completion: direct material 100%; coversion cost 60% b Degree of completion: direct material 100%; coversion cost 50% c Degree of completion: direct material 100%; coversion cost 40% Hitunglah equivalent unit untuk direct material dan conversion costs. 9. 18-20 10. The Texas Tanning Company produces leather from animal hides. Relevant information for the Tanning Department is provided in Exhibit 5-12. The materials, (raw hides) are added at the beginning of the process where they are hung on racks and dipped in a tanning solution. The inspection point is at the end of the process when the hides are removed from the solution. Spoilage up to five percent of the good completed units (leather hides) is considered normal. Any spoilage above this level is considered abnormal. For convenience, all spoilage is assumed to come from the units started during the period and have a disposal value of $2 per unit. 11. 18-23 12. In the Atyra Furniture, 7 chair parts out of a job lot of 63 chair parts are spoiled. Costs assigned prior to the inspection point are $700 per part. Spoiled goods areShow MoreRelatedCost Accounting-Chapter 1 Essay911 Words   |  4 PagesCost Accounting - Chapter 1 1. Flexibility is said to be the hallmark of modern management accounting, whereas standardization and consistency describe financial accounting. Explain why the focus of those two accounting systems differs. Financial accounting is more about the bigger picture—it evaluates the finances of the organization as a whole, using historical, quantitative, monetary, and factual data. It is more formal and requires the use of GAAP. 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gender socialization - 992 Words

Gender: Forced Upon American Society Growing up, many Americans childhood consisted of playing tag outside, having cooties, and experimenting with as many toys as possible. Hundreds of thousands of toys flood kid stores such as Toys R Us, Baby Depot, and KB toys. With imagination, kids are able to become doctors, presidents, and princesses during the contents of one day. Television shows such as Barney or Blues Clues encourage having such imagination, thus inspiring kids to want to become one of the many options stores can transform them into. Walking into a regular toy store, people generally do not dissect the sexism that lays within the aisles, however, when walking in specifically to compare and contrast boys and girls toys†¦show more content†¦In an interview US Weekly, the actress claims She likes to dress like a boy. She wants to be a boy. So we had to cut her hair. She likes to wear boys everything. She thinks she s one of the brothers. This is a prime example of going against society, and allowing kids to grow up independent and intellectually choosing who they want to be regardless what of peers, religion, and society may conclude. Although I too was raised this way, I am now aware that being forced to be part of a certain group because of something that you where born with is simply immoral. I, like most of the people I am surrounded by, have fallen victim of being forced to be a gender, and if future generations can pin point this issue that has gone to far, our future kids will be able to express themselves in a manner in which they feel liberated, and no longer deemed to be accepted by society. Work Cited Knox, David, and Schacht, Caroline. Choices In Relationships: An Introduction To Marriage and the Family.Belmont: CA, Author, Unknown. Angelina Jolie: Shiloh Wants to be a Boy 28 JUNE 2010 page 1 Angelina Jolie s daughter Shiloh, often confused for a boy. Blue and green and dominant colors in the boys aisles. 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Genetic (825 words) Essay Example For Students

Genetic (825 words) Essay GeneticEngineeringFor many years, man has been advancing his race through technology. Many thingsthrough those were questionable and questionable, but none are close to acertain technology today. And that would be genetic engineering. What exactly isgenetic engineering? To put it shortly, it is where scientists splice, alter,and manipulate genes of one thing to how the scientist want it, and even insertthat gene into a foreign host. This technological tool is too powerful for us tohandle. It is advancing faster than we can expect. Because of this fact, geneticengineering raises many moral and ethical issues while also showing signs ofmany dangers. This controversially technology could be looked at two ways, onereligiously and the other, scientifically and economically. First, lets talka religious point of view on genetic engineering. With the current knowledge wehave today in genetic engineering, life can easily be created and manipulated toones liking. How can one Play God by creati ng and altering life atones will and not at all feel guilty? Havent we learned that trying to beon a level as God is a punishable act? Such examples are ones such as thedestruction of Babylon. People at that time tried to build a tower high enoughto reach God, but it was destroyed, a punishment by God that warned us of whatwill happen if we tried to get powerful as him. People say that God gave us theknowledge to discover. If this is so, did God give us the knowledge to make theatom bomb so we could wipe out cities and vast lives in an instant? Did God giveus the knowledge to make deadly biological weapons to kill each other with? Anddid God give us the knowledge to be so advance in warfare today that the worldcould be destroyed in minutes? God did not give us the knowledge to do thesethings or for genetic engineering. Man ignorantly chooses his own way andchooses to venture out doing things that are wrong. So who are we to decide whatsex a baby should be, how it should look, and wh at skills it might have? Theseare just few of the many questions raised in a religious point of view. Next, isthe scientific and economical view. One goal of genetic engineering is to makeproducts more efficient. Things such as crops and other plants are one of thethings that have been experimented on and even released into the environment. This is especially dangerous because scientists are not fully sure of what couldgo wrong. A genetically altered crop or plant could become dominant and takeover all of the its like species and become a problem such as becoming majorpests. There have been many cases where non-indigenous plants introduced into adifferent environment served no use and became major pest problems. But evenmore dangerous altered plants are genetically altered humans. The functions ofall the genes are not known, only these of a very small percentage of the totalgenes in organisms such as humans. So why would a scientist take a risk, notknowing the full potential dangers it might cause, such as having an effect onother genes? Privacy is another major concern. What if a sing drop of apersons blood could reveal all the faults of that person? When will we wakeup in a world where everyone has permanent records of what defect will come upin their lifetime and what other things they are susceptible of getting. Wha t ifinsurance companies got hold of these records? Could people be refused of healthinsurance because of these facts? There are many examples where people have beenrefused of some health care because of genetic screening. Not only that, in arecent poll in Time magazine, a question was asked if a person whose geneticprofile shows potential problems pay higher health-insurance rates than someonewhose profile does not? Only 8 % answered yes while the majority 88% said no. .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 , .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 .postImageUrl , .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 , .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99:hover , .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99:visited , .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99:active { border:0!important; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99:active , .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99 .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u44540ccaf21e62cdc67f8ebb1edb4b99:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Five Career EssayObviously even the majority of this nation does not want to be geneticallyprofiled. One recent controversy that has come up is cloning. With some DNA ofan organism, scientists are able to make and exact copy of that organism. Asheep and a monkey have already been successfully cloned, and with the currenttechnology, humans could also be cloned. This raises the most ethical and moralissues because many questions would be raised about the clone. What will be thepurpose of making exact human copies? We might even get to a point where humansare cloned for specific duties or even cloned for body parts needed by organrecipients. Would rights would that clone have ? Maybe the same as everyone ormaybe not. Again, this is something that we as humans should never experimentwith or even attempt. To conclude, genetic engineering is a tool that is toopowerful for any man to handle. It is too dangerous and crosses many moral andethical issues. Do we want to perfect ourselves to immortality? Such things arenot meant to be handled by mere mortals such as us. We should let nature takeits course as it has been for over many successful generations.

Marketing is seen as a business function Essay Example

Marketing is seen as a business function Essay Conventionally, marketing is seen as a business function. The goal is to identify the needs and wants of consumers, determine which target markets to serve, design appropriate products, services and programs, and then publicise and deliver these offerings. This view of marketing is important, but it is a partial view. The discipline is more than a business function it is also embodies an attitude of mind.Everyone in the organisation is encouraged to focus on customers. The goal is to create customer satisfaction profitably by building valued relationships with customers, clients, suppliers, distributors, and others. This is about shaping attitudes and behaviour among all employees, not just those whose business function is formally described by the marketing label. This underscores the fact that the principles of marketing have a central role to play in contemporary businesses such as Qantas and within society.In many ways the current marketing activities within Qantas are following traditional and well-tried methods which reflect decisions regarding the product/service provision of routes, seat allocation and types, in-flight and ground-based services, the price structure, distribution channels and promotional activity. The marketing environment, however, is becoming more competitive, as external influences have affected the efficiency and profitability of the airline industry. Many developments have been technologically pushed: thus larger aircrafts have increased capacity, leading to reduced real fares and improved many aspects of the in-flight experience (though the tendency to large aircrafts might have ended with the introduction of smaller plans (Jetstar) to fly domestically);computer reservation systems have simplified bookings; airport infrastructure improved within the Qantas terminals to improve pre- and post-flight aspects of travel, and investments by government agencies to improve flight navigational systems and air traffic control to advance the punctuality of all airlines.Marketing Planning ProcessPlanning is an essential component for success in any business operation. In order for a business to infiltrate a marketing program, a business needs a plan which will put the objectives of the business in to prospect and makes them easier to achieve. The way in which a company does this is to create a marketing plan, which requires 5 main steps in its process.Analyse Present Marketing Situation (situation analysis)This situation analysis should then be summarized in a SWOT analysis showing the important Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats facing the firm. The external environmental factors may impose threats on the firms ability to operate, or they may create opportunities to develop new products, increase market share, or develop new markets. By analysing the firms existing resources, both human and financial, the marketing manager can gain an understanding of the firms strengths and weaknesses and hence develop its marketing strategies to build on its strengths and reduce the influence of its weaknessesThe blanket approach of mass marketing was touted by marketing professionals of years past, todays industry experts are singing the praises of one-to-one, or relationship marketing. And rightfully so. Todays consumers are savvier than ever before. With access to nearly any piece of information they want via the Internet, consumers dont want salespeople spouting off scripted presentations. Rather, they need advocates who are willing to help them find real solutions. How can you do that? By learning who your customers are; by finding out their real needs; and by offering them tailored products and services that work for them. The first step in attaining those lofty goals is to choose a customer base that is appropriate for your business. In order to find out who your target market is there are three steps that need to be followed:I. Identify Potential CustomersII. Conducting Market ResearchIII. C hoosing a Target MarketQantas airlines offer a range of products and services which allows them to have different market segments with different wants and needs. Knowing who their customers are and what they want allows them to compete more effectively while products are able to be defined and altered according to their price, place of sale determined. Promotions are also better focused for each market segment. e.g. Customers who are after more space, personal laptops, personal phone and other luxury items are able to buy a first class or business class ticket, parallel are those customers who want a standard seat and would benefit from buying a economy seat. In order to provide the best products and services, Qantas has to conduct market research to find out who their customers are and what they are after. Research is performed by a range of research technique such as surveys of passengers in flight, mail based surveys, complaint monitoring and discussion with customers by contacti ng staff, all of which are primary sources of data collection. Secondary data includes government statistics, airlines magazines etc.Another major component of Analysing the Present Marketing Situation (situation analysis) is the prediction of market opportunities .Businesses use a SWOT analysis when evaluating themselves and the competitors. The SWOT Analysis enables the businesses such as Qantas to identify what their Strengths are, and try to further develop these; where its Weakness are and try to overcome them and improve in these areas; what possible Opportunities are in the marketplace; and what threats could arise from changes in external influencesStrengths70% domestic market share with 90% of corporate marketExcellent airport locationGlobally recognized brand name andlogoCurrently one of the most profitable airlinesOne of the worlds safest airlineIntroduction of Jetstar into the low cost airline industry.WeaknessesSpeculations British airways will withdraw its $1.3 share i n QantasHigh labour costsGovernment refuses to lift foreign ownership restrictionsOpportunitiesDeveloping further e-commerce operationsExpanding its travel, catering and freight divisionContinually evolving aircraft technologyTake advantage of aviation growth in Asian Pacific region.ThreatsIncrease in government regulations preventing takeoversContinuing international threats creating a weaker market/economySWOT analysis of QantasIdentify Target MarketFor effective advertising a firm should first identify its customer (Target Market) in order to decide how advertising and other forms of promotion mesh with the various parts of the marketing mix (product-place-price-promotion) and to better reach the customer while creating an appropriate image.We regard the Target Market as those customers on whom you will place primary emphasis when developing an advertising program. In other words, the Target Market will not include everyone. To be able to develop a profile of your Target Market, you need to first determine the characteristics of the Consumer Market in order to learn who the potential customers for your market are. The characteristics of your Consumer Market include: Age, Income, Education, Occupation, Marital Status, Gender, Life Style, Consumption Patterns and Reasons for Purchase.The airline industry offers a range of services which caters for many transportation needs. Qantas has four main air services ranging from international to their new low cost domestic carrier. These four airlines generally differ on the destinations they fly as well as their pricing of tickets. All four of these airlines attract different customer, further more, within each of these airlines, they segment the market into even smaller categories by offering a variety of facilities onboard each airline, e.g. Business, First and Economy class.Fig1.1Qantass passenger transportation attracts the highest amount of revenue out of all there subsidiary and associated businesses (fig 1.1). Qantass marketing team promotes this sector of the business as well as the Tour and Travel sector to the general public, while their Freight services are directed at companies rather then consumers .The other remanding companies associated with Qantass core operations were developed to cut costs for passenger services and therefore require no marketing towards any consumer groups.Determine marketing objectivesThe marketing objectives of a business set down the goals which businesses wish to maintain or develop in the future operation of the company. Qantas which is a public company listed on the Australian Stock Exchange has a duty towards its fellow shareholders. Operating as a public company means that the marketing objectives are developed in order to satisfy the shareholder, and consequently this leads to the core objective of Qantas is to make a profit. The profit created will provide the shareholders with a satisfactory return on their investments (fig 1.2) as well as to gene rate enough profit in reserve to fund expansion and acquisition of new aircrafts. Qantass primary aim to maintain affordable air travel in order to keep enough demand to sustain profits will help reach this main objective of theirs.Fig 1.2Other such objectives include:* Maintain Its domestic market share of 70%* Increase internet sales( currently accounting for 28% , a 50% increase form last year)* Increased customer services* Decrease operating costs, aprox. $1 billion over a 2 year period* Develop non-flying services, so Qantas doesnt base its total reliance on its flying services and has is able to fall back onto non-flying businesses when air travel have decreased.* Introduce new routes and expand the corporate sizeSelect appropriate Marketing Mix (Develop Marketing Strategies)When you establish your marketing objectives, you are really asking what are the companys aims. These aims can only be achieved through the development of marketing strategies. It is now up to management t o develop strategies that will satisfy the wants and needs of the target markets and ultimately achieve its marketing objectives. Qantas has successfully created subsidiary and associated companies in order to lower the cost of operations. Qantass well organisation of companies allows them to work together to capitialise on their corporate strengths and minimise the effect of any weaknesses they may have. Whether companies increase sales, create new products(Jetstar), drop prices or increase the amount of advertising they usually refer to what is known as the Marketing mix.Fig 1.3: Standard Marketing mixThe Marketing mix consists of four elements. The Product (and service) offered for sale, the place (distribution) networks of the businesses, the promotional activities and the pricing structure. These interdependent products are coordinated to make up the businesss tactics.Qantass businesses will all have a different marketing mix; therefore we cannot have a look at Qantas as one co mpany in detail. As the elements are interdependent, the differentiating products and services will influence the price which they will sell for, the different PS are available from different locations and depending on which PS you look at, there promotional activity changes.Preparing the Marketing PlanThe final stage in the marketing planning process is the marketing plan. The marketing plan organises and puts the information discussed above in a structured and understandable report that will direct and communicate the objectives and strategies of the business and ultimately set the businesses direction. The marketing plan also provides the implementation process, cost involved as well as expected revenue that will be generated. How the Marketing actions will be monitored and controlled will also be discussed.Over the past four years the international market has become far more volatile, particularly since the terrorist activities of September 11, 2001. Qantas and its part-owner Br itish Airways (BA) have maintained a strong alliance in the face of turmoil in the aviation industry generally. While BA has become cash strapped, Qantas has remained cash positive and profitable. Qantass strategy is to remain flexible-not only by ensuring that its fleet can operate as a single-class carrier or be quickly converted to a mix of business and economy class, but also by cutting costs. Importantly it plans to ensure that its non-airline businesses stay profitable. These businesses accounted for 30 per cent of the companys profits in the six months to December 2001, and include Qantas Flight Catering Ltd, Qantas Holidays, Qantas Defence Systems, Australian Air Express, Qantas Business Travel and also includes its frequent flyer programs and co-branded credit card operations.Marketing Strategies in QantasOver the past year, Qantas has been conducting in-flight questionnaires that are completed during the flight in order to monitor customer satisfaction. Hidden within these questionnaire answers were valuable insights about the drivers of overall satisfaction and of customers intent to purchase. The 1,500 questionnaires gathers were analysed and gave Qantas statistically how important customers stated satisfaction with each product and service feature (such as seating, cabin crew or entertainment).From these they were able to identify which areas would incremental investment have the biggest business impact on. The results from this survey are below.From the questionnaires, it is apparent that there needs to be certain investments that are needed to be made into improving customer satisfactions. Such areas as entertainment, cabin crew, seating and check-ins are all proving to be performing under the customers expectation level. These results attained in 2002 have allowed Qantas to make significant changes to their business and improve customer satisfaction.Food Service and In-flight diningThe food service and In-flight dinning was well approved by the customer, but Qantas believed there was still room for improvements. In December 2002, Qantas introduced new menus and larger serving to those traveling in international economy class as well as Snack on Q, an assortment of snacks all in a drawstring bag. In September 2003, Qantas introduced more flexible and healthier menu choices for those traveling business and first class, as well as providing a room service like breakfast meal.Check-insCheck-in were a major time consuming issue which irritated many customers, Qantas introduced a new system called QuickCheck .These self service kiosks in Sydney and Melbourne domestic terminals were installed in August 2002.QuicChecl provide a fast flight check-in service for all the passengers who have no language and are able to get checked-in in less than a minute. There are also plans to expand the Quick Check kiosk to Canberra and Brisbane.EntertainmentQantas also needed a entertainment investment as there old system was proving to fall beh ind and other airlines were a lot more advanced in their in-flight entertainment systems. Qantas invested more than $300million on upgrading there in-flight entertainment system on it Boeing 747s.The new systems includes video screens mounted on the back of chairs-offering movies and video games for the Economy class. Business and First class received new individual touch screen monitors as well as in-seat power points, while all classes received personal telephones.All the following things are a few thing Qantas had invested in to provide a better Product to its consumers. Qantas has all used other strategies concerning Price, Place and Promotion to increase customer numbers and make Qantas the brand of choice.PlaceQantas has to provide easily accessible ticketing and purchaseing facilities to maintain a large customer base.Accessablity is an important factor which relies on both direct and in-direct distribution channels.Directly, customers can visit any of the Qantas Travel Centr es called Qantas holiday or such companies as Viva and Jetabout which are also partly owned by Qantas.This vertical intergration Qantas has invested in limits the likelihood of owner entity selling compeditors tickets.Other services such as telephone and airport ticket sales are were also installed to make the process quicker and more efficient.Marketing is probably the key ingredient in a companys success. It is hugely important factor in how companies differentiate themselves and get a competitive edge. With airlines we are fighting against becoming a commodity and the way to do that is marketing, positioning ourselves as a company that is offerings something different from our competitors. Geoff Dixon

V Einführung in die Ethik †Deutsch Essay

V Einfà ¼hrung in die Ethik – Deutsch Essay Free Online Research Papers V Einfà ¼hrung in die Ethik Deutsch Essay Nach Aristoteles besteht das hà ¶chste Gut des menschlichen Handelns in der Glà ¼ckseligkeit. Es gibt ein bestimmtes Gut, nachdem jedes menschliche Handeln strebt und weswegen der Mensch à ¼berhaupt Handlungen vollzieht (NE, I. Buch, 13., S.127, Z.35-40 „Fà ¼r uns ergibt sich aus dem Gesagten klar, dass die Glà ¼ckseligkeit zum Ehrwà ¼rdigen und Vollkommenden gehà ¶rt. Dies scheint auch daher zu kommen, dass sie ein Ursprung ist. Denn um ihretwillen machen wir alles à ¼brige;†¦.â€Å"). Um dieses hà ¶chste Gut zu bestimmen, beginnt Aristoteles erst mal damit, die Bedeutung von Handlung zu klren. Alle Handlung erstrebt ein Gut, d.h. die Handlung erfolgt um Willen eines Gutes, was die Handlung in ihrem Wesen bestimmt (konstitutives Merkmal) (siehe NE, I. Buch, 1., S.105 Z.1-4). Damit erfolgt das Handeln des Menschen nach dem Prinzip des menschlichen Tuns verursacht durch ein Gut, und ist kein natà ¼rliches Geschehnis wie das Naturereignis. Dabei ist Handlung das Mittel zum erstrebten Gut als Zweck (instrumentell gut). Nach Erreichung des erstrebten Gutes aber kann dieses wiederum zum Mittel (menschliche Handlung) fà ¼r ein weiteres zu erstrebendes Gut als Zwec k dienen und dies kann sich immer weiter fortsetzen. Damit erklrt sich der eine Zweck (Gut) à ¼ber den Anderen. Es muss aber ein bestimmtes Gut als Endzweck geben, umdessen Willen sich alle menschlichen Handlungen als Zwecke vollziehen. Dieser hà ¶chste Begriff fà ¼r Gut, die Glà ¼ckseligkeit, erklrt sich à ¼ber sich selbst, als Ursache allen menschlichen Handelns und Endziel zugleich (NE, I. Buch, 1., S.105, Z.18-22 „Wenn es aber ein Ziel des Handelns gibt, das wir um seiner selbst willen wollen und das andere um seinetwillen; wenn wir also nicht alles um eines andern willen erstreben (denn so ginge es ins Unbegrenzte, und das Streben wre leer und sinnlos), dann ist es klar, dass jenes das Gute und das Beste istâ€Å"). Wie kann der Mensch also zum glà ¼ckseligen Leben kommen? Aristoteles sagt, indem er ein vernunftgemßes Leben fà ¼hrt, d.h. der nach den Tugenden handelt, also moralisch gut. Denn die Verwirklichung von Moral ist Element des Glà ¼cks (untrennbar m iteinander verbunden). Da der Mensch mit dem Vermà ¶gen der Vernunft ausgestattet ist (Artbegriff des Menschen, Wesensbestimmung), jedoch auch die Fhigkeit des sinnlichen Begehrens (Trieb, Lust) besitzt, die avernà ¼nftig (wie beim Tier) ist, ist es notwendig, à ¼ber die Ausà ¼bung ethischer Tugend (alle Tugend ist nicht naturgegeben) mit Avernà ¼nftigem vernà ¼nftig umzugehen (NE, II. Buch, 2., S.134, Z.9-10 „So bezieht sich also die ethische Tugend auf Lust und Schmerz. Denn wegen der Lust tun wir das Schlechte, und wegen des Schmerzes versumen wir das Gute.â€Å") Dazu gilt es, dass der Mensch tugendhafte Ttigkeit (z.B. gerechtes Handeln) ausà ¼bt. Von dem Zeitpunkt an beginnt er tugendhafte Eigenschaft (Gerechtsein) zu erwerben und kommt damit in den Besitz der Tugend. Tugend auszuà ¼ben heißt also, die Glà ¼ckseligkeit zu verwirklichen (NE, I. Buch, 10., S.121, Z.14-18 „†¦; jedenfalls aber, auch wenn sie nicht von Gott geschickt wird, sondern durch Tugend und eine Art von Lernen oder ÃÅ"bung zustande kommt, so gehà ¶rt sie doch zu den gà ¶ttlichsten Dingen. Denn der Preis und das Ziel der Tugend scheint das Beste zu sein und ein Gà ¶ttliches und Seliges.â€Å") Dazu benà ¶tigt der Mensch jedoch Menschen, die schon im Besitz der fà ¼r ihn zu erlernenden verstandesmßigen Tugenden und als sein Erzieher ttig sind, d.h. Tugend wird erworben (NE, II. Buch, 1., S.132, Z.21-25 „†¦: die Eigenschaften entstehen aus den entsprechenden Ttigkeiten. Darum muss man die Ttigkeiten in bestimmter Weise formen. Denn von deren Besonderheiten hngen dann die Eigenschaften ab. Es kommt also nicht wenig darauf an, ob man gleich von Jugend auf an dies oder jenes gewà ¶hnt wird; es kommt viel darauf an, ja sogar alles.â€Å", NE, II. Buch, 2., S.134, Z.11-14 „Also mà ¼ssen wir gleich von Jugend an dazu erzogen werden, wie Platon sagt, dass wir Freude und Schmerz empfinden, wo wir sollen. Denn darin besteht die rechte Erziehung.â€Å"). Da menschliche Handlung das Gute erstrebt und damit gewollt ist, ist eine schlechte, verwerfliche Handlung (z.B. Mord) eines Menschen nicht gewollt, sondern ist eine Wahrnehmungstuschung desjenigen, der nicht tugendhaft handelt (NE, III. Buch, 6., S158, Z.16 „Das Wollen dagegen geht auf das Ziel, wie wir sagten;†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å", Z.18-20 „Jene nun die sagen, dass das Gewollte das Gute sei, kommen dazu, anzunehmen, dass dasjenige gar nicht gewollt sei, was einer auf Grund einer unrichtigen Wahl will; denn wenn es gewollt wre, wre es auch gut; es traf sich aber, dass es schlecht war.â€Å"). Der Tugendhafte aber, der seine Handlungen vernunftgemß auf das Gute ausrichtet, erkennt, ob etwas Gut ist oder nicht/eine bloße Vorstellung v om Guten ist (NE, III. Buch, 6., S159, Z.29-37 „ Denn der Edle beurteilt jedes Einzelne richtig, und in jedem Einzelnen erscheint ihm die Wahrheit. Denn fà ¼r jede Verfassung gibt es eigenes Schà ¶nes und Angenehmes, und vielleicht zeichnet sich der Edle gerade dadurch am meisten aus, dass er in jedem Einzelnen die Wahrheit erkennt, da er gewissermaßen Richtschnur und Maß dafà ¼r ist. Die Leute dagegen scheinen sich durch die Lust tuschen zu lassen. Denn sie ist nicht gut und scheint doch so. So whlen sie also die Lust als ein Gutes und meiden den Schmerz als ein Schlechtes.â€Å"). Somit verwirklicht der tugendhafte Mensch Glà ¼ckseligkeit. Fà ¼r Kant hingegen ist alles menschliche Handeln nach dem Unbedingt Guten ausgerichtet. Das Unbedingt Gute kann nur der gute Wille und damit das Handeln durch die Vorstellung von dem Gesetz der praktischen Vernunft (moralisches Gesetz) sein. Die Vernunft leitet dabei die Handlung gesetzmßig aus sich selbst heraus ab. Weil der Mensch praktische Vernunft besitzt, verfà ¼gt er à ¼ber die Kategorie der Pflicht, d.h. er handelt aus Pflicht, bestimmt durch das Unbedingt Gute. Die Handlung aus Pflicht ist nicht zweckgebunden, weil der Grund einzig und allein in dem Gesetz des Wollens/dem Gesetz der Vernunft selbst liegt (Sittengesetz, moralisches Gesetz) und somit unbedingter praktischer Notwendigkeit unterliegt (z.B. „Es ist notwendig ihm zu helfen.â€Å"). Die Vernunft bestimmt das Wesen des Menschen (sittliche Persà ¶nlichkeit), sie ist dem Menschen als hà ¶chstes Vermà ¶gen naturgegeben und er handelt aus Achtung des Gesetzes der Vernunft (sittlich, moralisch). Dazu ste llt Kant als unbedingt allgemeingà ¼ltiges Prinzip der praktischen Vernunft den Kategorischen Imperativ auf: „Du kannst, denn du sollst!â€Å". Da der Mensch aber neben dem Vernunftvermà ¶gen auch ein sinnliches Vermà ¶gen besitzt, trifft auf den Willen, der seinen Ursprung in der Vernunft hat, die Neigung, und beeinflusst den Willen. Aus der Nà ¶tigung des Willens durch Neigung erfolgt dann eine zweckabhngige Form von Handlung (z.B. „Es ist notwendig ihm zu helfen, weil ich ihn liebe.â€Å"). Die Gà ¼te solcher Handlung ist bedingt praktisch notwendig, da sie abhngig von Neigung ist (Hypothetischer Imperativ). Diese Form von Handlung kann somit keinen moralischen Wert haben, weil sie nicht der Vernunft entspringt. Eine Handlung besitzt einen moralischen Wert, wenn diese aus der Pflicht heraus und nicht pflichtmßig (aus Pflicht und Neigung) vollzogen wird (GMS BA 12, 13 „†¦: eine Handlung aus Pflicht hat ihren moralischen Wert nicht in der Absicht, welche dadurch erreicht werden soll, sondern in der Maxime nach der sie beschlossen wird, hngt also nicht von der Wirklichkeit des Gegenstandes der Handlung ab, sondern bloß von dem Prinzip des Wollens, nach welchem die Handlung, unangesehen aller Gegenstnde des Begehrungsvermà ¶gens, geschehen ist.â€Å"). Da es nach Kant die Pflicht des Menschen ist, aus Achtung des Gesetzes der Vernunft heraus zu handeln, mà ¼sste er, wenn er ein unwahres Versprechen macht, bereit dazu sein, dass das alle anderen Menschen auch tun (GMS BA 18,19 „†¦: wà ¼rde ich wohl damit zufrieden sein, dass meine Maxime (mich durch ein unwahres Versprechen aus Verlegenheit zu ziehen) als ein allgemeines Gesetz (sowohl fà ¼r mich als auch andere) gelten solle, †¦?â€Å"). Dazu wiederum kann er nicht bereit sein, und das hat nichts mit dem Là ¼gen an sich zu tun und auch nicht mit der mà ¶glichen Auswirkung, dass dem Là ¼genden oder dem Belogenen daraus ein Nachteil entstehen kann. Sondern der Mensch kann nicht wollen, dass aus seinem unwahren Versprechen ein allgemeines Gesetz entsteht, weil, wà ¼rde es Jeder tun oder tun dà ¼rfen, wà ¼rde es kein Versprechen mehr geben. Somit schließt sich der Kreis, nmlich der, dass das Handeln aus dem Gesetz der praktischen Vernunft, und damit das H andeln aus Pflicht durch das Unbedingt Gute, im Wert à ¼ber dem der aus Neigung steht, nmlich als hà ¶chstes Vermà ¶gen (siehe GMS BA 20). Gibt ein Mensch also ein Versprechen, das er nicht beabsichtigt zu halten, ist dies aus Kants Sicht unmoralisch, weil der Mensch aus sich heraus nicht wollen kann, dass diese Handlung zum allgemeinen Gesetz wird. Nach Kant ist es also ein notwendiges Gesetz fà ¼r den Menschen, nach dem allgemeinen Prinzip der praktischen Vernunft (Kategorischen Imperativ) zu handeln, ansonsten handelt er unmoralisch. Dies ist die Antwort auf seine eigens gestellte Frage (siehe GMS BA 62). Denn der Mensch kann aus sich selbst heraus, als vernà ¼nftige Natur und absoluter Zweck nicht den Wunsch haben, das seine Handlung aus relativen Zwecken, den Neigungen heraus (Hypothetischer Imperativ) erfolgt, wie es bei einer unmoralischen Handlung der Fall ist. Denn der Wille des Menschen (der Mensch selbst) entfaltet sich aus dem Kategorischen Imperativ heraus. Es gilt deswegen nach Kant, dass der Mensch jederzeit nach den „Gesetzen des Willensâ€Å", dem Unbedingt Guten (Kategorischer Imperativ) handeln soll und niemals nur nach den „Gesetzen der Neigungâ€Å" (Hypotethischer Imperativ), was sinngemß sein daraufhin aufgestellter Praktischer Imperativ (siehe GMS BA 67) aussagt. Kants Begrà ¼ndung erschließt sich mir einleuchtend, dass ich mich, kraftdessen, das ich ein menschliches Vernunftwesen bin, aus dem Kategorischen Imperativ entfalte. Denn wre ich ohne Vernunft in mir, so htte ich keinen Willen und wà ¼rde Handlungen ausschließlich nur aus meinen Neigungen, wie z.B. aus Lust heraus vollziehen. Ich wà ¼rde demnach keine Verantwortung fà ¼r mich selbst und fà ¼r Andere à ¼bernehmen kà ¶nnen und damit unmoralisch handeln. Dass der Kategorische Imperativ zutrifft, zeigt mir mein Gewissen, als Teil dessen. Habe ich unmoralisch gehandelt und versuche mir meine bedingt notwendige Handlung zu erklren, setzt mein Gewissen ein, indem es mir vor Augen hlt: „Du httest anders handeln kà ¶nnen, weil du gesollt hastâ€Å". Das moralische Gesetz ist also apodiktisch in mir selbst vorhanden. Quellenangaben: 1.) Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH Co KG (Ed.) (6. Auflage Juli 2004): Aristoteles. Die Nikomachische Ethik, Mà ¼nchen: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag. 2.) Weischedel, Wilhelm (Ed.) (1. Auflage 1974): Kritik der praktischen Vernunft. Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag. Research Papers on V Einfà ¼hrung in die Ethik - Deutsch EssayThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andWhere Wild and West MeetBringing Democracy to AfricaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenCapital Punishment

Variations in the university degrees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Variations in the university degrees - Essay Example The technicalities in some degree course offer an explanation as to why a student who has graduated with those courses are likely to earn more than others. A case in point is seen among graduates in the field of medicine.They have to take more time in the university while pursuing their programs as opposed to other courses such as arts and social sciences. Those who have done medicine have the right to receive more pay as the course is very technical and demands a lot of concentration and accuracy. Another example is seen in the engineering courses that require practical applications as opposed to being theoretical in nature. From an economic standpoint, it would be pointless to attend college unless a student achieved some sort of benefit by doing so. This benefit might be in the form of increased earnings, more certain employment, some sort of non-monetary return but it must be great enough to offset the cost of attendance. Boehm and Lees-Spalding describe on-the-job training as a form of human capital investment. In their arguments, they present definitions of two different types of training that can occur. General training is useful to many firms and is therefore applicable to a wide range of jobs. However, it is vital that even as universities should stop offering majors that are not proven to lead to successful careers, it is imperative that they continue on a lesser scale to do so since they still need new streams of income especially in the wake of major cut funds from the governments.

The Battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg - Essay Example In fact, some scholars would estimate that without the Civil War the United States might never have become the country that it became. More so, if it were not for two definitive battles of the Civil War, the Battles of Vicksburg and Gettysburg, then the United States we built would be very different from the one we have today; if we survived at all as a nation. That said understanding the importance of these battles will help us to comprehend why these battles are so significant and if they were such definitive â€Å"turning points† in the war, then why did the war continue on, nearly, another 2 years? By finding the answers to these questions will grant us a greater, broader, picture of how the United States became the country we are today. History . The definitive battles of Vicksburg and Gettysburg did not occur until 1863, the Civil War began 2 years earlier. The causes of the Civil War can be summarized in 5 specific contributory elements. In fact, these tensions had been growing since the founding of this country in 1776. 1. The Economic & Social Differences between North and South. By the late 1700s cotton crops were incredibly valuable and profitable. The South developed an agricultural, one crop economy. They were exclusively dependent on the success and sail of their cotton crops and on the inexpensive slave labor that tended them. The North was focused on city life and industrialization. They could already compete with the South’s ability to clean, process, and manufacturer cotton goods. 2. State vs. Federal Rights. Many in America pushed for the supremacy of state’s individual rights and that they should have the right to determine what federal involvement they would accept. While others pushed for greater federal government to unify and force the hand of states. 3. Slave and Non-Slave State Proponents. The argument over whether new states formed would be slave states, free states, or would have the right to choose for themselve s was a heated one. This created serious division between supporters and opposers of slavery in the United States. 4. Growth of the Abolition Movement. The Abolitionist movement, further inspired by the publishing of â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† and the passing of the Fugitive Slave Act, fueled Northern disdain and hatred for Southern slave-owners. 5. The Election of Abraham Lincoln. Although tensions were already high, Lincoln’s election inspired South Carolina to submit its intention to secede from the United States because Lincoln favored northern interests, and was opposed to slavery. Even before Lincoln took the office, Florida, Mississippi, Texas, Louisiana, and Georgia, also, intended to join South Carolina (Kelly 2013). By 1861 Fort Sumter, in South Carolina’s Charleston Harbor, contained the last federal holding within the Southern seceding states. Cut off from supplies and reinforcements, the men of Fort Sumter were suffering. On April 11, 1863 Conf ederate soldiers led by Jefferson C, Davis, no relation to the Confederate President, ordered the evacuation of Fort Sumter, delivered personally to Union Major Robert Anderson. Although Anderson thanked the envoy for the courteous and respectfully presented request, he declined to obey the order. As the Confederate envoy left the Fort, it would be only a few short hours before, at 4:30 in the morning; the first battle of Civil War would be fought. Confederate General Pierre Gustavo Beauregard ordered his men to open fire

Employment Essay Example for Free

Employment Essay The Organization that we selected as our topic of discussion in our Project Paper is the Wal-Mart Corporation. Sam Walton is the founder of Wal-Mart. He opened his first store called Wal-Mart Discount City in Rogers, Arkansas in July of 1962. Their corporate office is currently located in Bentonville, Arkansas. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. incorporated its stores on October 31, 1969. In 1972, they started selling stock on the New York Stock exchange. Although, though the company has had controversial operational business practices they have grown to be the largest Retail Corporations in the world. In 1997, Wal-Mart was able to become the largest private employer in the United States. In that same year, their annual sales totaled over $105 billion. In 2010, Wal-Mart has over 2. 1 million employees worldwide. There 2010 fiscal year sales exceeded $400 billion dollars (Wal-Mart About Us, 2010). I have been a loyal customer of Wal-Mart for years. Therefore, I was shocked when I found out about some of Wal-Marts questionable unofficial policies through talks with friends and family members who worked for them in the past and some who currently employed by them. My mother in law worked for them from 2006 thru 2008. She was required to work 8-hour shifts without a lunch break on a regular basis. One of my cousins was required to clock out because he was about to be in overtime and continue to work to keep labor cost down. I decided to Google Wal-Mart, to see if other people experienced the same injustice. I was stunned to see some of the practices of this company I loyally supported. According to an article released by the Associated Press on 12/24/08 called Wal-Mart to Pay Workers Up to $640 Million it will pay as much as $640 million to settle 63 lawsuits over wage-and-hour violations, ending years of dispute. Wal-Mart faced 76 similar class action lawsuits in courts across the country as of March 31, 2008. These violations range from having employees clock out and continue to work without pay, denying them with lunch breaks that they are entitled to by law, non-payment for overtime worked. They have also had issues with discrimination against women, resulting, from denying them promotions and paying them less then their male counterpart even though they held the same position, and in some cases, women had seniority over the men (Associated 2008). It is widely known that Wal-Mart pays its associates below the average retail wages. In 2008, the average full time Associate (34 hours per week) earns $10. 84 hourly for an annual income of $19,165. That is $2,000 below the Federal Poverty Line for a family of four. In 2007, Wal-Mart CEO Lee Scott earned $29. 7 million in total compensation, or 1,551 times the annual income of the average full time Wal-Mart Associate. Consequently, large portions of their employees qualify to receive Government Assistance to support their families. They are well aware that they pay their fulltime employees below the poverty level. In fact, Wal-Mart actually encourages their employees to take advantage of the Government Assistant Programs (Wake Up Wal-Mart, 2008). Wal-Mart does not offer its associates affordable healthcare insurance benefits. According to Wal-Mart employees, when they complained about high the cost of the insurance and lack of coverage it offers their managers would simply suggest that they try to qualify for Medicaid or Medicare. According to Wal-Mart Facts. om, If an average full-time Wal-Mart employee chooses the least expensive family coverage plan, they would have to spend over 20% of their income before the health insurance provided any reimbursement. An average full time Wal-Mart Associate faces a serious family health issue. They have to pay the entire out-of-pocket maximum for the least expensive health plan, which adds up to pay 53% of their income (Wake Up Wal-Mart, 2008). I am just a customer of Wal-Mart. I am an accountant, so I budget my money pretty well and I love a good bargain. However, when I look at this organization and their business practices all I see is greed. Therefore, as a customer I have to question my whether or not to continue to support this business if they persist on behaving in such an manner that is clearly unfair to its employees. This is not a struggling organization. It brings in sales exceeding $100 billion annually. Wal-Mart has the resources to make their employees NEEDS a priority. I would like to believe that they are sincerely willing to make the necessary changes. Wal-Mart’s management behaves immorally towards its employees. They do not value their employees’ needs, rights, or the labor laws that the US put into lace to protect them. Wal-Mart’s low price on everyday household products is what sets them apart from other discount retailers. Their employees help make it possible for them to dominate their competitors in the discount retail market and maintain their competitive advantage. It is essential for employees to feel that the company that employs them provides an ethical organizational culture in order for them to feel a sense of job security and to be motivated to be productive for the company. What is Organizational Culture? What type of OC does Wal-Mart reflect?  What effect does their OC have on employee job satisfaction, morale, and performance? What can management do to improve their employee relations? According to our text Organizational Behavior, 11th Edition, a company’s organizational culture is a shared set of beliefs and values within an organization. The culture is the behaviors that employees feel they are required to fit in order to meet the expectations of their organization (Schermerhorn, Hunt, and Osborn, Uhl-Bien, 2010, p. 12). On of the OCI’s that the Human Synergistic Study addresses the Aggressive/Defensive Culture. The cultural norms are built upon a value structure whereby management puts its own interests before those of its key constituents—its customers, employees, suppliers, and even stockholders. Members place priority on doing what is best for themselves over the long-term best interests of their organization. Previous organizational successes (due to prior leadership, technological patents, or good business strategies) fuel the arrogance and short-term orientation of management and allow Aggressive/Defensive organizations to continue to appear effective—at least for a while. However, as shown by John Kotter and James Heskett’s study of 207 organizations (and consistent with research based on the OCI), this type of value structure prevents organizations from effectively adapting to changes in their environments and ultimately has a negative impact on their financial performance (Human Synergistic 2006). Your business strategies shift; your organization’s values should not. Organizational values guide employee actions and influence business practices. They help provide meaning for employees searching for an emotional connection to work each day. Also known as ground rules or operating principles, at their best values are actionable guidelines, not to be confused with abstract beliefs that are merely â€Å"held† or posted on a plaque (Organizational Values, 2008). † In an Aggressive/Defensive Culture, management tends to have very little value for people. There focus is on setting goals and meeting them by any means necessary. They are very competitive and want to devour the competition. Some of the characteristics of this type of culture are oppositional, competitive, motivated by power, and perfection. Managers may oppose things indirectly, stubborn, always has to be right, avoids admitting mistakes, resists suggestions made by others, and have a strong need to win or dominate. Their members do not feel any sense of job security. Employees typically believe that they have to go with the follow in an effort to avoid the label â€Å"troublemaker† in order to keep their job. They fears managements’ retaliation and often feel as though they are in a hostile work environment (Human Synergistic 2006). Staff turnover is near 20-year highs for many companies. Two research firms, Walker Information and Hudson Institute, recently joined forces to conduct a nationwide employee loyalty study. Their results confirmed that staff loyalty is in short supply. Only 24 percent of employees consider themselves truly loyal, committed to their organization and its goals, and planning to stay at least two years. Thirty-three percent of employees were high risk, not committed and not planning to stay. Thirty-nine percent were classified as trapped. They plan to stay, but are not committed to their employer. Among those who felt they worked for an ethical organization, 55 percent were truly loyal. For those who did not feel they worked for an ethical organization, the loyalty figure was 9 percent (Lowenstein 2006). Creating a culture within the organization that nurtures loyalty, commitment, advocacy and productivity from the moment the new hire walks through the door and throughout the lifecycle of the employee will go a long way to sustaining customer loyalty behavior. The good news is that employees, particularly those in customer service, seek trust and trustworthiness; and they desire to be active contributors to that effort (Lowenstein 2006). The benefits for business of adopting ethical human resource management practices and viewing employees as human capital to be developed and to provide a unique advantage in the marketplace can be utilized as part of a corporate social responsibility strategy. Effective corporate social responsibility requires that along with minimizing harm to the environment, a company needs to be aware of the social impacts of its operations and ensure that they are not harming human stakeholders (Tracey Lloyd 2009). The importance of health insurance as an employee benefit is also illustrated by the fact that more than one quarter of Americans report that they or an immediate family member have encountered job lock, passed up a job opportunity, stayed at a job they would otherwise have quit, or had not retired solely because they needed to keep the health insurance coverage they were receiving. According to another survey, employees are moderately satisfied with their benefits, with 39% of full-time workers reporting this, which is a rise from 32% in 2003 (Reddick 2009). Employers who hope to retain solid, hard-working employees should be prepared to offer basic employee benefits. In addition to salary, good benefits provide important resources that not only help build a positive working relationship between employer and employee but also promote good work habits and financial practices (Thompson 2010). Wal-Mart problem is their leadership style. It reflects many of the characteristics of an Aggressive/Defensive Culture. Its issues stem from them putting their interest before the needs of their members. It does not value its employees as of Human Capital. Employees are just another resource used to achieve the organizational objectives. Wal-Mart leaders invest a lot into making decisions and strategies that will get the best prices for their customers and keep their competitive advantages. Nevertheless, they are not investing enough time and effort in training managers on how to treat their human capital. As a result, managers are presented with problems that they have no been trained for and they avoid the issue or make bad decisions. I find it hard to believe an organization as large and successful as Wal-Mart can make these types of mistakes and they go unrecognized or resolved for so long. Several people had to have been complaining about the errors before having to go before a judge. Considering the validation of the errors during the trial investigation, it is safe to say that if Wal-Mart had done its due diligence prior to trial they would have resolved this pay issue. There is no reason a company of Wal-Mart’s size and resources could not have identified and addressed the discrepancy prior to it escalating to a court issue. Which raises the question of, was this done intentionally or their employees concerns or grievances are not a priority to them. This type of mmoral behavior ultimately leads to employees distrusting the company, resulting in a low morale, lack of motivation, and high turnover. Every company has a distinct set of characteristics that drives the decisions, practices, policies, procedures, and organizational goals, which in turn affects the organizations’ atmosphere. The biggest influences are going to come from the visions and standards that the Senior Leaders of the company. Wal-Mart’s employees do not feel any emotional connection or sense of value from their organization, which leads to a lack of job satisfaction, loyalty, and commitment. Of course, this is going to show up in how employees treat customers. All Wal-Mart has to offer is low prices, there is very little customer service. For example, I pulled up to customerservicescoreboard. com and some one posted this comment. â€Å"Wal-Mart has the worst customer service, worse yet, they ignore any inquiry and advertise that they value it I really have to commit to not shopping there any more lines are long, cashiers are slow and dont even help put bags in carts. Their greeters wont get carts and roll their eyes, the bathrooms are a mess, the shelves are empty, I hope they get what they deserve ower customer count and lower profits today I tried once more and wasnt disappointed, no carts, very long lines and best yet customer service said there was no manager on duty and there were not customer complaint forms go figure. mad at Wal-Mart 4/1/10 2:21PM â€Å". In order to change this Wal-Mart has to consider ways to attract and retain productive employees (Customer 2009). Another issue is the lack on emphasis on teamwork. Employees concerns and suggestions have no validity. They are not included in any part of the goal setting or decision making process on the individual store retail level. The â€Å"my way or no way† management attitude does not work. There has to be some compromise. SOLUTIONS Wal-Mart has to change their leadership style. The CEO and other major Leaderships need to take a more active role in establishing acceptable managerial behavioral procedures and rules to direct the organization. Instead of reacting to all of the bad press concerning their employee relations they need to take a more active approach to dealing with all of the stigmas attached to the company. For example, they can start by sending out a corporate communication-notifying managers and employees that the company is about to undergo so major changes to and are about to invest in an organization overhaul that will put just as much value in taking care of the associates that make their sales possible and they put into their valued customers. Wal-Mart can continue to ride the cloud of success with no regards to the long-term ramifications of lack of change, but these are the cost of avoidance. Change will be forced upon them one of two ways. The lawsuits will continue to come and the courts will make to settlements high enough that Wal-Mart will feel the financial sting of their unethical behavior. Secondly, they will start to see a significant decrease in their sales because of the poor customer services rendered by their distrusting, low morale, and unmotivated associates. Considering how large Wal-Mart’s organization is this change would be a major project they could consider doing it in-house, but I suggest they hire an outside consulting firm that to oversee the project in order to get some fresh ideas and strategies. Of course, they would be collaborating with Wal-Marts project team in order to what the deliverables are to complete the project. Wal-Mart Leaders need to ensure total participation by giving the project team the financial and staff resources needed to complete the project. The first step would be to perform a training needs analysis and determine where the practice and policy breakdowns are occurring. Then address the issue, by establishing a new uniform policy, updating the employee handbook, training managers and employees on the new policies, and finally enforcing it. This project will take about a year to prepared, reviewed, and implemented. Prioritization will be according to the most critical needs, such as proper employee pay protocol, anti- discrimination policy training, and team building programs. For example, have a workplace diversity class set up to teach managers how to cultivate diversity and to prevent discrimination. Require that managers have a complete training class annually. Address and investigate all allegations of discrimination immediately. Written documentation is required for discrimination allegation, investigation, and resolution steps that taken. The only way to ensure that employees feel a since of organizational justice is to uphold the companies policies on the matter. Consequently, immediate punishment is required if an employee found guilty of the allegation. Send out corporate communication, notifying employees of the companies’ commitment to improve employee relations. Send the communication via email and display it in high traffic areas. Express managements desire to include employees in some of the decisions that directly affect them by establishing an Employee Involvement Team to be apart of the project. That will help Management and employees address employee concerns and grievances, such as a fair and competitive wages and health insurance package. Allowing employees to be apart of the decision making process will help management get feedback on the best ways to go about achieving up coming goals, while building team commitment, loyalty, and moral. There will be annual policies will be reviews and revision if necessary. Managers and employees will complete skill assessment tests annually. There will be skill-training classes set up to teach managers how to promote effective communication and leadership abilities. Issue training results to department heads and certificates of completion to participants. Finally, collect feedback from the managers and employees to evaluate, results and feelings on the process improvements. Leave a comment section to get their feelings on the companies’ efforts to improve employee relations. Identify remaining problems and work with the In-house Project Team and the Employee Involvement Team to improve them.